Experts further suggested that agencies help improve standards for data repositories where research data are stored publicly, encourage the publication of null research results, and support training in statistical analysis and study design. Doing so would enable other researchers to comment on and strengthen the methodology and analysis plans. Experts suggested, for example, that agencies could incentivize or mandate that researchers preregister their studies as a means to share their research plans before the research is conducted. According to leading experts GAO interviewed, these agencies could do more to increase the rigor and transparency of the research they fund by taking actions to better align awards and recognition for researchers with more rigorous and transparent research practices. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are the three largest federal funders of basic scientific research in the United States.
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